French Drain Gravel Calculator
Calculate the gravel for a French drain trench, subtracting the pipe when it sits fully inside the gravel. A quantity tool, not a drainage design.
Result
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Your result will appear here
Enter your trench measurements and calculate to see the gravel volume in cubic yards, cubic feet, and cubic metres.
How this calculator works
For each trench section the calculator finds the volume of the gravel-filled part of the trench, then subtracts the space the pipe takes up.
Trench envelope = Length × Width × Gravel-filled height
Pipe displacement = Length × π × Pipe outside diameter² ÷ 4
Gravel = Trench envelope − Pipe displacement
Sections without a pipe subtract nothing. Section totals are added together.
The pipe is subtracted only when its whole cross-section sits inside the gravel-filled height. If the pipe would stick out above the gravel, the calculator stops and asks you to adjust the measurements — it does not estimate a partial overlap.
Drainage design limitations
What this calculator does not do
It estimates aggregate quantity only. It does not design drainage capacity, trench grade, the outlet, filter or geotextile compatibility with your soil, or code compliance. Check those separately, or with a professional.
No standard household trench
Published French drain examples come from specific applications. A USDA NRCS guide describes a spring-collection drain for livestock watering; Penn State describes a drain for sand-based sports fields. They use different pipe sizes, trench sizes and gravel layers because the jobs are different. None of them sets the size of a household French drain, so every dimension here is yours to enter.
Measuring
- Gravel-filled height is the part of the trench filled with gravel — not necessarily the full trench depth if soil or another material goes on top.
- Use the pipe's outside diameter.
- Add a separate section wherever the trench size changes or the pipe stops.
Choosing a stone? The #57 Stone and Crushed Stone calculators cover those materials; for a simple area, use the Gravel Calculator.
Worked example
Example: 40 ft trench, 12 in wide, 18 in of gravel, 4 in pipe
- Envelope: 40 ft × 1 ft × 1.5 ft = 60.0 ft³
- Pipe: 40 ft × π × (0.3333 ft)² ÷ 4 = 3.49 ft³
- Gravel: 60.0 − 3.49 = 56.5 ft³ = 2.09 yd³
Result: 2.09 cubic yards of gravel (1.60 cubic metres). All dimensions are example inputs, not a recommended drain size.
Frequently asked questions
Why won’t the calculator subtract my pipe?
The pipe is subtracted only when its whole outside diameter fits within the gravel-filled height and trench width. If it doesn’t fit, check your measurements, or calculate that section without the pipe.
How wide and deep should a French drain be?
That depends on your site and what the drain must carry. This calculator does not recommend a size; use the dimensions from your plan.
Can I estimate the gravel weight?
Yes. After calculating, enter your supplier’s bulk density for the stone. The weight is shown as an estimate.
Sources & methodology
Volumes are trench geometry and pipe displacement from your measurements. The drain references below are context only — they set no dimension. Sources relevant to this page:
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NIST Guide to the SI (SP 811), Appendix B.8 — Factors for units listed alphabetically
Used in calculations: Length conversion constants used in every calculation.
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ASTM C29/C29M-17a — Standard Test Method for Bulk Density (“Unit Weight”) and Voids in Aggregate
Methodology only: Explains that bulk density includes the spaces between particles and differs between loose and compacted conditions.
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Watering Systems for Serious Graziers, p. 37
Explanatory context only: Explanatory context only — an application-specific example, never a default dimension.
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Gravel Drainage Specifications
Explanatory context only: Explanatory context only — shows drain configurations differ by application.